How is a circuit typically protected from overload?

A circuit is typically protected from overload by installing circuit breakers or fuses. These devices are fundamental in electrical systems as they serve to interrupt the flow of electricity when an overload condition occurs. An overload happens when the current exceeds the rating of the circuit components, which can lead to overheating and potential fire hazards.

Circuit breakers can be reset after they trip, making them a convenient option for restoring electric service without needing to replace any components. Fuses, on the other hand, are designed to melt and break the circuit when they sense an overload, requiring a replacement after they have acted. Both methods are effective at ensuring that the electrical system does not carry more current than it can safely handle, thereby protecting the wiring and appliances connected to it from damage.

Surge protectors are important for protecting against voltage spikes but do not prevent current overloads. Increasing wire gauge sizes helps manage current flow but does not serve as a protective mechanism. Insulation materials primarily function to prevent short circuits and maintain safety but do not directly protect against overload conditions. Thus, while all the options have roles in electrical safety, the installation of circuit breakers or fuses is the most direct and effective means of protecting a circuit from overload.